Forex

It becomes hot and dry. Rain is scarce in most parts of the country, and some of the large
grain-processing firms become concerned about what will happen to corn prices several months in the
future as the heat and drought damage take their toll on the crop.

In your area however, weather is fine. You grow corn. Your crop has been planted and the summer has
not been too bad and moisture has been sufficient. Your crops are quite good, in fact.
The grain-processing concerns such as large baking companies, animal feed manufacturers, food
processors, vegetable oil producers and other related concerns begin to buy corn from farmers and
grain firms who have it in storage from previous years. Their buying is considerable due to their
immense needs. Simple economics tells us that the price of corn will rise as the supply falls.
Prices begin to rise dramatically in what is called the ‘cash market.’ This is the immediate or day-today
market. Another term for the cash market is the ‘spot market.’ It is so termed because it refers to
transactions made on the spot, that is, for immediate delivery, not for delivery at some point in the
future.
Assume that you know the cost of production for your corn. In other words, you’ve taken into
consideration your fertilizer, fuel, land, labor and additional costs. You conclude that it costs you
$1.85 to produce each bushel of corn.
Your call to the local grain terminal -- where cash corn is bought and sold -- tells you that today cash
corn is selling for $3.25 per bushel. You know that only two weeks ago it was at $3.00 per bushel and
three months ago it was going for $2.75.
You know you will be producing over 50,000 bushels of corn this year and, as a consequence, the price
difference between what the market was several months ago and today’s price is considerable. In fact,
it runs into thousands of dollars.